JHSM

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine (JHSM) is an unbiased, peer-reviewed, and open access international medical journal. The Journal publishes interesting clinical and experimental research conducted in all fields of medicine, interesting case reports, and clinical images, invited reviews, editorials, letters, comments, and related knowledge.

EndNote Style
Index
Original Article
Prevalence of dental number anomalies in 4140 cases: retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Gaziantep
Aims: Dental number anomalies (hypodontia and hyperdontia) are among the most common developmental disorders encountered during the tooth development process in humans. It is known that specific teeth or regions are more frequently affected in different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital dental number anomalies including both missing and supernumerary teeth-excluding third molars, in children living in the province of Gaziantep University. Methods: This study examined the panoramic radiographs of 4140 children aged 8 to 15 who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry. Patients with tooth extraction, cleft lip and palate, and systemic diseases were excluded from the study. The cases were investigated regarding gender, age, number, and location of missing teeth. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 5.58%, with a total of 414 congenitally missing teeth detected. No statistically significant differences were found across age groups or between sexes (p>0.05). The most frequently missing tooth was the mandibular second premolar, followed by teeth 45, 25, 15, and 22. One or two missing teeth were the most common findings among patients. The mandible exhibited a greater number of missing teeth compared with the maxilla.Hyperdontia was observed in 1.67% of the patients, with a total of 77 supernumerary teeth identified. A statistically significant sex related difference was found (p


1. Sharma U, Gulati A, Gill NC. Anomalies of tooth number in the age range of 2-5 years in nonsyndromic children: a literature review. J South Asian Assoc Pediatr Dent. 2020;3(2):95-109. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3050
2. Wojda M, Wielgosz A. Hypodontia and hyperdontia as examples of developmental disorders in tooth number: literature review and clinical case reports. Qual Sport. 2024;23:54660.
3. Pemberton TJ, Das P, Patel PI. Hypodontia: genetics and future perspectives. Braz J Oral Sci. 2005;4(14):695–706.
4. Aras A, Dogan M. The prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in 9-16 years old children. Ann Med Res. 2020;27(2):297–302. doi:10.5455/annalsmedres.2019.09.588
5. Parkin N, Elcock C, Smith RN, Griffin RC, Brook AH. The aetiology of hypodontia: the prevalence, severity and location of hypodontia within families. Arch Oral Biol. 2009;54(1):52-56. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.11.002
6. Kurt A, Kara P. Dental number anomalies in children applying to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University faculty of dentistry: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Turk Klin J Dent Sci. 2022;28(2):72-78. doi:10.5336/dentalsci.2021-81197
7. van Marrewijk DJF, van Stiphout MAE, Reuland-Bosma W, Bronkhorst EM, Ongkosuwito EM. The relationship between craniofacial development and hypodontia in patients with Down syndrome. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38(2):178-183. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv054
8. Fauzi NH, Ardini YD, Zainuddin Z, Lestari WA. A review on non-syndromic tooth agenesis associated with PAX9 mutations. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2018;54(1):30-36. doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.001
9. Watted N, Zere E, Abu-Hussein M. Prevalence of dental anomalies in Arab Israeli orthodontic patients. Int J Public Health Dent. 2015;3(3):77-82.
10. Candan U, Kıpçak Ö, Evcil MS. Prevalence of congenital permanent tooth absence in children from the Aegean region. Ankara Univ Fac Dent J. 2015;24(1)
11. Gokkaya B, Kargul B. Prevalence and pattern of non-syndromic hypodontia in a group of Turkish children. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2016;50 (1):58-64. doi:10.15644/asc50/1/8
12. Chung CJ, Han JH, Kim KH. The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans. Oral Dis. 2008;14(7):620–625. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01 434.x
13. Brook AH. A unifying aetiological explanation for anomalies of human tooth number and size. Arch Oral Biol. 1984;29(5):373–378. doi:10.1016/ 0003-9969(84)90163-8
14. Bural C, Oztas E, Ozturk S, Bayraktar G. Multidisciplinary treatment of non-syndromic oligodontia. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(2):218–226.
15. Sheikhi M, Sadeghi MA, Ghorbanizadeh S. Prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Iran. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(1):105-111.
16. Daou MH, Bteiche PH, Fakhouri J, Osta NE. Prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in patients attending a private pediatric dental clinic in Lebanon. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;43(5):345–349. doi: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.5.8
17. Murashima-Suginami A, Takahashi K, Sakata T, et al. Rudiment incisors survive and erupt as supernumerary teeth as a result of USAG-1 abrogation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;359(3):549-555. doi:10. 1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.148
18. Kiso H, Takahashi K, Saito K, et al. Interactions between BMP-7 and USAG-1 (Uterine Sensitization-Associated Gene-1) regulate supernumerary organ formations. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e96938. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096938
19. Acıkgöz A, Acıkgöz G, Tunga U, Otan F. Characteristics and prevalence of non-syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth: a retrospective study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35(3):185–190. doi:10.1259/dmfr/219564 32
20. Ardini YD, Abu Bakar N, Kamalul’lail NF, Mohd Rasdi NS. Assessment of dental development in children with hypodontia and hyperdontia: a case-control study. J Dent Indones. 2018;25(2):65–70. doi:10.31436/imjm.v17i2.943
21. Behr M, Proff P, Leitzmann M, Pretzel M, Handel G, Schmalz G. Survey of congenitally missing teeth in orthodontic patients in Eastern Bavaria. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(1):32-36. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq021
22. Karaağaç Eskibağlar, B. Evaluation of the frequency of dental anomalies in children: a cross-sectional retrospective study. Turk Endod J. 2004; 71-76. doi:10.14744/TEJ.2024.52724
23. Popa M, Dinu S, Bratu E. Interceptive treatment in hypodontia. J Pediatrul. 2010;10(37):43-46.
24. Freitas D, Tsumurai RY, Filho DNSP. Prevalence of dental anomalies of number, size, shape and structure. RGO (Porto Alegre). 2012;60(4):437-441.
25. Hobson RS, Carter NE, Gillgrass TJ, et al. The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: The relationship between an interdisciplinary team and the general dental practitioner. Br Dent J. 2003;194(9):479-482. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4810184
26. Endo T, Ozoe R, Kubota M, Akiyama M, Shimooka S. A survey of hypodontia in Japanese orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129(1):29-35. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.09.024
27. Dzemidzic V, Nakas E, Gagula I, Kozadra J, Tiro A. The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia in orthodontic patients. Acta Med Acad. 2020;49(1):51-56. doi:10.5644/ama2006-124.283
28. Endo T, Ozoe R, Yoshino S, Shimooka S. Hypodontia patterns and variations in craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(6):996-1003. doi:10.2319/082905-303
29. Gracco ALT, Zanatta S, Valente F, et al. Prevalence of dental agenesis in a sample of Italian orthodontic patients: an epidemiological study. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):33. doi:10.1186/s40510-017-0186-9
30. Al-Ani AH, Antoun JS, Thomson WM, Merriman TR, Farella M. Hypodontia: an update on its etiology, classification, and clinical management. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9378325. doi:10.1155/2017/93783 25
31. Manasa Devi TL, Subramaniam P, Babu KL, Suneela S. Prevalence and pattern of non-syndromic hypodontia among adolescents in southern part of India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14(4):492-496. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1983
32. Sola RA, Sola PA, Pérez JDLC, Sánchez IN, Renovales ID. Prevalence of hypodontia in a sample of Spanish dental patients. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2018;52(1):18-23. doi:10.15644/asc52/1/3
33. Al Jawad FHA, Al Yafei H, Al Sheeb M, Al Emadi B, Al Hashimi N. Hypodontia prevalence and distribution pattern in a group of Qatari orthodontic and pediatric patients: a retrospective study. Eur J Dent. 2015;9(2):267-271. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.156850
34. Uzuner D, Bayrak S, Özden B, et al. Assessment of hypodontia in the Turkish patients referring to a university clinic. Turk J Orthod. 2013;26 (3):120-126. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.119057
35. Altug-Atac, A. T. & Erdem, D. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(4):510-514. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.06.027
36. Topkara A, Sari Z. Prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in a Turkish orthodontic patient population: results from a large academic cohort. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2011;12(2):123-127.
37. Ayranci F. Evaluation of the prevalence of congenital permanent tooth deficiency in children in the Middle Black Sea Region. Suleyman Demirel Univ J Health Sci. 2019;10(1):137-140. doi:10.22312/sdusbed.474214
38. Gokkaya B, Kargul B. Assessment of the eating disorders and relationship with dental caries, age, gender, and body mass index in a sample of Turkish adolescents aged 9 through 15. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022;25(5):695-701. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_1998_21
39. Celikoğlu M, Kazanci F, Miloglu O, Oztek O, Kamak H, Ceylan I. Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(5):e797-e801. doi:10.4317/medoral.15.e797
40. Şişman Y, Uysal T, Gelgor IE. Hypodontia: does the prevalence and distribution pattern differ in orthodontic patients? Eur J Dent. 2007;1(3): 167-173. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1698333
41. Wreakes G. The craniofacial morphology of individuals with hypodontia. Am J Orthod. 1974;65(3):281-290. doi:10.3109/00016357409026344
42. Larmour CJ, Mossey PA, Thind BS, Forgie AH, Stirrups DR. Hypodontia: a retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. Quintessence Int. 2005;36(4):263-270.
43. Peker I, Kaya E, Darendeliler-Yaman S. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of non-syndromic hypodontia and hyperdontia in permanent dentition. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14(8):e393–397.
44. Fekonja A. Hypodontia in orthodontically treated children. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(5):457-460. doi:10.1093/ejo/cji027
45. Gomes RR, da Fonseca JAC, Paula LM, Faber J, Acevedo AC. Prevalence of hypodontia in orthodontic patients in Brasília, Brazil. Eur J Orthod.2010;32(3):302-306. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjp107
46. Vastardis H. The genetics of human tooth agenesis: new discoveries for understanding dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117(6): 650-656. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70173-9
47. Laganà G, Venza N, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Fabi F, Danesi C, Cozza P. Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):62. doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y
48. Goya HA, Tanaka S, Maeda T, Akimoto Y. An orthopantomographic study of hypodontia in permanent teeth of Japanese pediatric patients. J Oral Sci. 2008; 50. 143–150. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.50.143
49. Küchler EC, Costa AG, Costa MC, Vieira AR, Granjeiro JM. Supernumerary teeth vary depending on gender. Braz Oral Res. 2011;25 (1):76-79. doi:10.1590/S1806-83242011000100013
50. Amini F, Rakhshan V, Babaei P. Prevalence and pattern of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of 3374 Iranian orthodontic patients. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(3):245-250.
51. Ata-Ali F, Ata-Ali J, Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of supernumerary teeth. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(4):e414-418. doi:10.4317/jced.51499
52. Mallineni SK, Anthonappa RP, Jayaraman J, King NM. Radiographic localization of supernumerary teeth: a narrative review. Front Dent Med. 2025;6:1495025. doi:10.3389/fdmed.2025.1495025
53. Hajmohammadi E, Najirad S, Mikaeili H, Kamran A. Epidemiology of supernumerary teeth in 5000 radiography films: investigation of patients referring to the clinics of Ardabil in 2015-2020. Int J Dent. 2021; 2021:6669436. doi:10.1155/2021/6669436
54. Singh AK, Soni S, Jaiswal D, Pani P, Sidhartha R. Prevalence of supernumerary teeth and its associated complications among school-going children between the ages of 6 and 15 years of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022; 15. 504-508. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2442
55. Katanaki N, Makrygiannakis MA, Kaklamanos EG. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in a sample of non-syndromic young patients from Greece. Dent J. 2025;13(4):317. doi:10.3390/dj13040317
56. He L, Que G, Yang X, Yan S, Luo S. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and three-dimensional radiographic analysis of supernumerary teeth in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1): 351. doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03452-1
57. Alberti G, Mondani PM, Parodi V. Eruption of supernumerary permanent teeth in a sample of urban primary school population in Genoa, Italy. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2006;7(2):89-92.
58. Demiriz L, Durmuşlar MC, Mısır AF. Prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth: A survey on 7348 people. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(1):S39-43. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.156151
59. Esenlik E, Sayın MO, Atilla AO, Özen T, Altun C, Başak F. Supernumerary teeth in a Turkish population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136(6):848-852. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.10.058
Volume 9, Issue 1, 2026
Page : 52-59
_Footer