1. Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, et al. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022; 23(1):26. doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04957-4
2. Hurwitz EL, Randhawa K, Yu H, Côté P, Haldeman S. The Global Spine Care Initiative: a summary of the global burden of low back and neck pain studies. Eur Spine J. 2018;27(Suppl 6):796-801. doi:10.1007/s00586-017-5432-9
3. Park JH, Kang SY, Lee SG, Jeon HS. The effects of smart phone gaming duration on muscle activation and spinal posture: pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017;33(8):661-669. doi:10.1080/09593985.2017.1328716
4. Fang F, Huo F, Feng Y. The effects of dual screen layout on neck-shoulder muscle activity and head-neck posture variability during computer tasks. Work. 2023;76(4):1535-1546. doi:10.3233/WOR-220585
5. Nimbarte AD, Alabdulmohsen RT, Guffey SE, Etherton JR. The impact of use of dual monitor screens on 3d head–neck posture and activity of neck muscles. IIE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors. 2013;1(1):38-49. doi:10.1080/21577323.2012.667051
6. Sjøgaard G, Lundberg U, Kadefors R. The role of muscle activity and mental load in the development of pain and degenerative processes at the muscle cell level during computer work. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;83 (2-3):99-105. doi:10.1007/s004210000285
7. Falla D, O’Leary S, Fagan A, Jull G. Recruitment of the deep cervical flexor muscles during a postural-correction exercise performed in sitting. Man Ther. 2007;12(2):139-143. doi:10.1016/j.math.2006.06.003
8. Röijezon U, Jull G, Djupsjöbacka M, Salomoni S, Hodges P. Deep and superficial cervical muscles respond differently to unstable motor skill tasks. Hum Mov Sci. 2021;80:102893. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2021.102893
9. Jull G, Sterling M, Falla D, Treleaven J, O'Leary S. Whiplash, headache, and neck pain: research-based directions for physical therapies. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008.
10. Jull G, Falla D. Does increased superficial neck flexor activity in the craniocervical flexion test reflect reduced deep flexor activity in people with neck pain? Man Ther. 2016;25:43-47. doi:10.1016/j.math.2016.05.336
11. Cagnie B, O'leary S, Elliott J, Peeters I, Parlevliet T, Danneels L. Pain-induced changes in the activity of the cervical extensor muscles evaluated by muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging. Clin J Pain. 2011;27(5):392-397. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31820e11a2
12. Christensen SWM, Palsson TS, Krebs HJ, Graven-Nielsen T, Hirata RP. Prolonged slumped sitting causes neck pain and increased axioscapular muscle activity during a computer task in healthy participants–a randomized crossover study. Appl Ergon. 2023;110:104020. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104020
13. Johnston V, Jull G, Darnell R, Jimmieson N, Souvlis T. Alterations in cervical muscle activity in functional and stressful tasks in female office workers with neck pain. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;103(3):253-264. doi:10. 1007/s00421-008-0696-8
14. Falla D, Jull G, O’leary S, Dall’Alba P. Further evaluation of an EMG technique for assessment of the deep cervical flexor muscles. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2006;16(6):621-628. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.10. 003
15. Cagnie B, Elliott J, O'Leary S, D'hooge R, Dickx N, Danneels L. Muscle functional MRI as an imaging tool to evaluate muscle activity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41(11):896-903. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3586
16. Phua CS, Moffat B, Paul E, et al. Quantitative analysis of MR T2 relaxation times in neck muscles. Magn Reson Imaging. 2023;103:156-161. doi:10.1016/j.mri.2023.07.013
17. Adams GR, Duvoisin MR, Dudley GA. Magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography as indexes of muscle function. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992;73(4):1578-1583. doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1578
18. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang Z, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;89(1):81-88. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81
19. Nuzzo JL. Sex differences in skeletal muscle fiber types: a meta-analysis. Clin Anat. 2024;37(1):81-91. doi:10.1002/ca.24091
20. Hicks AL, Kent-Braun J, Ditor DS. Sex differences in human skeletal muscle fatigue. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2001;29(3):109-112. doi:10.1097/ 00003677-200107000-00004
21. Ye S, Jing Q, Wei C, Lu J. Risk factors of non-specific neck pain and low back pain in computer-using office workers in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(4):e014914. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014914
22. Korhonen T, Ketola R, Toivonen R, Luukkonen R, Häkkänen M, Viikari-Juntura E. Work related and individual predictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display units. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60(7):475-482. doi:10.1136/oem.60.7.475
23. Baghi R, Rahnama L, Karimi N, Goodarzi F, Rezasoltani A, Jaberzadeh S. Differential activation of the dorsal neck muscles during a light arm-elevation task in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain and asymptomatic controls: an ultrasonographic study. PM&R. 2017;9(7): 699-706. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.10.020
24. Schomacher J, Falla D. Function and structure of the deep cervical extensor muscles in patients with neck pain. Man Ther. 2013;18(5):360-366. doi:10.1016/j.math.2013.05.009
25. Cagnie B, Dirks R, Schouten M, Parlevliet T, Cambier D, Danneels L. Functional reorganization of cervical flexor activity because of induced muscle pain evaluated by muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging. Man Ther. 2011;16(5):470-475. doi:10.1016/j.math.2011.02.013
26. Schomacher J, Farina D, Lindstroem R, Falla D. Chronic trauma-induced neck pain impairs the neural control of the deep semispinalis cervicis muscle. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123(7):1403-1408. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.033